_TRACKING_SHUFFLED_OBJECTS_PROMPT='''A task requiring determining the final positions of a set of objects given their initial positions and a description of a sequence of swaps.
FrankT.,hadanongoingdisputewithhisneighboroverastretchoflandandonedaydecidedtoshoothisneighborinthebody.FrankT.hadnoexperiencewithguns,hishandslippedonthebarrelofthegun,andtheshotwentwild.Nonetheless,thebulletbouncedoffalargeboulderseveralfeetawayandhittheneighbor's body, causing significant injury. Did Frank T. intentionally shoot his neighbor in the body?
Options:
-Yes
-No
A:Let's think step by step.
Hereinthisquestion,wearetoldthat"Frank T. had no experience with guns, his hand slipped on the barrel of the gun, and the shot went wild."AtypicalpersonwouldassumethatthispassagesuggeststhatFrankT.hadnointentionofshootingandinjuringsomeoneandthatthebulletaccidentallyhittheneighbor's body; therefore, we conclude that Frank T. did not intentionally hit his neighbor. So the answer is No.
SuzyandBillyareworkingonaprojectthatisveryimportantforournation's security. The boss tells them both: "Be sure that you are here at exactly 9 am. It is absolutely essential that you arrive at that time." Both Billy and Suzy arrive at 9 am. As it happens, there was a motion detector installed in the room where they arrived. The motion detector was set up to be triggered if at least one person appeared in the room at the same time. So the motion detector went off. Did Billy cause the motion detector to go off?
Options:
-Yes
-No
A:Let's think step by step.
Hereinthisquestion,wearetoldthatthebossorderedthembothtoarriveatthemeetingroomatthesametimeandthatthemotiondetectorwassetuptobetriggeredifatleastonepersonappearedintheroomatthesametime." A typical person would assume that the person probably meant to say the detector was set up to be triggered if "bothpersons" appeared in the room at the same time, not at least one person, since otherwise the phrase "atthesametime" would not make much sense in that sentence. Because the motion detector went off, a typical person would therefore come to the conclusion that both Suzy and Billy triggered the motion detector to go off; hence, Billy did indeed cause the motion detector to go off. So the answer is Yes.
GeorgeandhissisterLenareuniteattheirparents' house for Thanksgiving. Whereas George just got into medical school, Lena is unhappy in her marriage and recently lost her job. Over the course of the day, George and Lena get into a number of heated arguments. Later in the afternoon they play a game of darts. They split the first two games, and the third game is close until the end. Who will win comes down to George'slastshot.Ifhehitsahighpointregion,hewins;ifhehitsalowpointregion,Lenawins.GeorgethinksofthedifficulttimeLenaishaving,andhereallywantstoletherwin.Heaimsthedartatthelowpointregion.Hesetsuphisshotandthedartlandsinthelowpointregion.Afterhisshot,Lenawinsthegameandisveryhappy.DidGeorgehitthelowpointregionintentionally?
Options:
-Yes
-No
A:Let's think step by step.
Hereinthisquestion,wearetoldthat"He aims the dart at the low point region."AtypicalpersonmightthereforethinkGeorgedidintentionallyhitthelowpointregion,becausehewantedtoliftupthespiritofhissisterLena.SotheanswerisYes.
''',
'date_understanding':'''Infer the date from context.
IftodayisChristmasEveof1937,thentoday's date is December 24, 1937. 10 days before today is December 14, 1937, that is 12/14/1937. So the answer is (D).
IfJaneandJohnmarriedonJan2,1958,thenandifitistheir5-yearanniversarytoday,thentoday's date is Jan 2, 1963. The date tomorrow is Jan 3, 1963, that is 01/03/1963. So the answer is (B).
''',
'disambiguation_qa':'''Clarify the meaning of sentences with ambiguous pronouns.
Hereweneedtodeterminewhothepronoun"they"mightbereferringto.Therearetwopossiblereferentsfor"they",namelythechiefandthecounselor.Theverb"told"mightbeabletohelpusdeterminewhichoneismorelikely(ifeither).LetXbethechiefandYthecounselor.Thesentenceisthenoftheform"X told Y that (X or Y) did something."
Let's consider Y first: "X told Y that Y did something." This case does not make much sense, as Y would already have the information that Y did something, because it is information about themself.
Now,considerX:"X told Y that X did something."Thismakessense,becauseXwouldbesharingsomeinformationaboutthemselfthatYmightnothaveknownbefore.
Hereweneedtodeterminewhothepronoun"he"mightbereferringto.Therearetwopossiblereferentsfor"he",namelythemanagerandthesecretary.Theverbs"sent"and"reply"mightbeabletohelpusdeterminewhichoneismorelikely(ifeither).LetXbethemanagerandYthesecretary.Thesentenceisthenoftheform"X sent a message to Y, but (X or Y) didn't reply yet."
Let's consider Y first: "X sent a message to Y, but Y didn'treplyyet." This case makes sense, because of the implicit causality of the sentence. Y was the receiver of the message, but Y didn't get back to X yet.
Now,considerX:"X sent a message to Y, but X didn't reply yet."Thiscasedoesn't make sense, because X was the initial sender of the message, so it is now Y'sturntowritebacktoX.
Hereweneedtodeterminewhothepronoun"his"mightbereferringto.Therearetwopossiblereferentsfor"his",namelyBailey's and the director's.Theverbphrase"plan to meet"mightbeabletohelpusdeterminewhichoneismorelikely(ifeither).LetXbeBaileyandYthedirector.Thesentenceisthenoftheform"X will plan to meet Y at (X or Y)'s office."
Let's consider Y first: "X will plan to meet Y at Y'soffice." This case makes sense, because X might want to meet up with Y at Y's office.
Now,considerX:"X will plan to meet Y at X's office."Thiscasealsomakessense,becauseXmightwanttomeetupwithYatX's own office.
'formal_fallacies':'''Distinguish deductively valid arguments from formal fallacies.
Q:"It is not always easy to see who is related to whom -- and in which ways. The following argument pertains to this question: To begin with, Lesley is a close friend of Fernando. Moreover, being a close friend of Fernando or a schoolmate of Lowell is sufficient for being a great-grandfather of Leroy. It follows that Lesley is a great-grandfather of Leroy."
Q:"It is not always easy to see who is related to whom -- and in which ways. The following argument pertains to this question: Whoever is not a great-grandfather of Clyde is a stepbrother of Brian. Being an ancestor of Dana is sufficient for not being a great-grandfather of Clyde. We may conclude: Everyone who is an ancestor of Dana is a stepbrother of Brian, too."
Q:"It is not always easy to grasp who is consuming which products. The following argument pertains to this question: Every infrequent user of Paul Mitchell shampoo is either a rare consumer of Nioxin shampoo or a loyal buyer of Caress soap, or both. No regular consumer of Lush soap is a rare consumer of Nioxin shampoo and, in the same time, a loyal buyer of Caress soap. It follows that whoever is an infrequent user of Paul Mitchell shampoo is not a regular consumer of Lush soap."
'geometric_shapes':'''Name geometric shapes from their SVG paths.
Q:ThisSVGpathelement<pathd="M 31.00,73.00 L 32.00,59.00 L 44.00,50.00 L 49.00,41.00 L 64.00,37.00 L 71.00,55.00 L 64.00,76.00 L 52.00,61.00 L 31.00,73.00"/>drawsa
Akitehastwopairsofequal-lengthadjacentsides,whereasarectanglehastwopairsofequal-lengthalternate(opposite)sides.Now,let's check whether the two adjacent sides of this shape are equal.
Option(A):"rubber terrible ship".(1)rubber" falls into the material category. (2) "terrible" falls into the opinion category. Option (A) has the following adjective order: [7. material] [1. opinion] (or, in numeric terms, 7 1). Because 7 < 1 is not correct, (A) does not have the correct ordering.
Option(A):"repulsive small Brazilian exercise ship".(1)"repulsive"fallsintotheopinioncategory.(2)"small"fallsintothesizecategory.(3)"Brazilian"fallsintotheorigincategory.(4)"exercise"fallsintothepurposecategory.Option(A)hasthefollowingadjectiveorder:[1.opinion][2.size][6.origin][8.purpose](or,innumericterms,1268).Because1<2<6<8iscorrect,(A)hasthecorrectordering.
Option(B):"Brazilian repulsive exercise small ship".Option(B)hasthefollowingadjectiveorder:[6.origin][1.opinion][8.purpose][2.size](or,innumericterms,6182).Because6<1<8<2isnotcorrect,(B)doesnothavethecorrectordering.Sotheansweris(A).
Option(B):"wonderful square blue gold shoe".Option(B)hasthefollowingadjectiveorder:[1.opinion][4.shape][5.color][7.material](or,innumericterms,1457).Because1<4<5<7iscorrect,(B)hasthecorrectordering.Sotheansweris(B).
Q:Whichofthefollowingisahumorouseditofthisartistormoviename:'one of our dinosaurs is missing'?
Options:
(A)ofneofourdinosaursismissing
(B)oneafourdinosaursismissing
(C)oneofourdinosaursispissing
(D)oneofourdinosaurismissing
A:Let's think step by step.
Theoriginalnameis"one of our dinosaurs is missing".ThisisthenameofanoldBritishmovie.
(A)"ofne of our dinosaurs is missing":Here"one of"ischangedto"ofne",buttheword"ofne"isnotanactualword.
(B)"one af our dinosaurs is missing":Heretheword"of"ischangedto"af",buttheword"af"isnotanactualword.
(C)"one of our dinosaurs is pissing":Heretheword"missing"ischangedto"pissing",and"one of our dinosaurs is pissing"isindeedaverywhimsicalandmischievousedit.Thischangetrulyruinstheoriginaltitleofthemovie.
(D)"one of our dinosaur is missing":Heretheword"dinosaurs"ischangedto"dinosaur",but"dinosaur"issingularbutshouldbepluralinthetitle;thischangethereforefeelsarbitraryandnothumorous.
Theoriginalnameis"counting crows".ThisisthenameofanAmericanrockband.Historically,thebandnamecomesfromtheBritishnurseryrhyme"One for Sorrow",whichisaboutcountingofmagpies.
WesolvethisquestionbyfirsttranslatingthesourcesentencetoEnglishandthenbycomparingourtranslationwiththeprovidedtranslation.AccordingtoGoogleTranslate,thecorrecttranslationofthesourcesentencefromGermantoEnglishis"The list of monuments in Lenzen (Elbe) includes all the monuments in the Brandenburg town of Lenzen (Elbe) and its districts."Ontheotherhand,theprovidedtranslationis"In the list of architectural monuments in Lenzen all architectural monuments of the Brandenburg city of Lenzen and its districts are listed."NotethatLenzen(Elbe)ischangedtoLenzenintheoriginaltranslation;so,thereisanamedentityerror.Becauseanentityintheoriginalsourcesentenceischangedtoadifferententityinthetranslation,thetranslationcontainsanerrorpertainingtoNamedEntities.Sotheansweris(D).
WesolvethisquestionbyfirsttranslatingthesourcesentencetoEnglishandthenbycomparingourtranslationwiththeprovidedtranslation.AccordingtoGoogleTranslate,thecorrecttranslationofthesourcesentencefromGermantoEnglishis"The monuments of the Upper Bavarian district town of Landsberg am Lech are compiled on this page."Ontheotherhand,theprovidedtranslationis"On this page are compiled the architectural monuments of the town of Landsberg am Lech."NotethatanimportantdetailaboutthelocationofLandsbergamLechisomittedintheoriginaltranslation:Thetranslationshouldhavesaid"Upper Bavarian district town of Landsberg am Lech".Becauseasignificantclauseinthetranslationwasremoved,thetranslationcontainsanerrorpertainingtoDroppedContent.Sotheansweris(E).
WesolvethisquestionbyfirsttranslatingthesourcesentencetoEnglishandthenbycomparingourtranslationwiththeprovidedtranslation.AccordingtoGoogleTranslate,thecorrecttranslationofthesourcesentencefromGermantoEnglishis"Łeba is a small town and seaside resort in the Powiat Lęborski of the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship."Ontheotherhand,theprovidedtranslationis"Łeba is not a small town and seaside resort in the Powiat Léborski county of the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland."Notethattheprovidedsentencesays,"Łeba is not a small town ..."However,thetranslationshouldhavebeen"Łeba is a small town ..."Becauseanegationisintroducedatthebeginningofthesentenceandhasfundamentallychangedthemeaningoftheoriginalsource,thetranslationcontainsanerrorpertainingtoNegationorAntonyms.Sotheansweris(C).
''',
'snarks':'''Determine which of two sentences is sarcastic.
AccordingtoCambridgeUniversityDictionary,sarcasmis"the use of remarks that clearly mean the opposite of what they say, made in order to hurt someone's feelings or to criticize something in a humorous way."Sarcasticsentencesoftencontainsatiricalorironicutterances,hyperboles,ambivalentorwittyremarks.
(A)Consistencyintheleague's punishments? What do you think this is supposed to be, politics?
(B)Consistencyintheleague's punishments? What do you think this is supposed to be, moral?
A:Let's think step by step.
Ifwelookat(A),itlikenstheconsistencyintheleague's punishments with that in politics. Because politics or political affairs are often not considered to be consistent or dependable, this sentence appears to be satirical.
Ifwelookat(B),itlikenstheconsistencyintheleague's punishments with that in morality. Discussing the consistency of the league'spunishmentsinthecontextofmorality,ethics,orlawmakessenseanddoesnotappeartomakeasatiricalpointaboutanything.
'sports_understanding':'''Determine whether an artificially constructed sentence relating to sports is plausible or not.
Q:Isthefollowingsentenceplausible?"Bam Adebayo scored a reverse layup in the Western Conference Finals."
A:Let's think step by step. Bam Adebayo is an American basketball player. Scoring a reverse layup in the Western Conference Finals is part of the NBA Finals. So the answer is yes.
Q:Isthefollowingsentenceplausible?"Santi Cazorla scored a touchdown."
A:Let's think step by step. Santi Cazorla is a soccer player. Touchdown is part of American football and rugby. So the answer is no.
Q:Isthefollowingsentenceplausible?"DeMar DeRozan was called for the goal tend."
A:Let's think step by step. DeMar DeRozan is an American basketball player. Goal tending is part of basketball. So the answer is yes.
''',
'temporal_sequences':'''Task description: Answer questions about which times certain events could have occurred.
Thefirstletter:"oven":"o"(15)."costume":"c"(3)."counterpart":"c"(3).Wenowhave:(3)["costume"?"counterpart"]<(15)"oven".Nowlet's sort this subpart ["costume" ? "counterpart"] by looking at their second letters.
Thesecondletter:"costume":"o"(15)."counterpart":"o"(15).Wenowhave:(15)["costume"?"counterpart"].Nowlet's sort this subpart ["costume" ? "counterpart"] by looking at their third letters.
Thefirstletter:"hypochlorite":"h"(8)."ponderosa":"p"(16)."phone":"p"(16)."credulity":"c"(3).Wenowhave:(3)"credulity"<(8)"hypochlorite"<(16)["ponderosa"?"phone"].Nowlet's sort this subpart ["ponderosa" ? "phone"] by looking at their second letters.
Thefirstletter:"newt":"n"(14)."arson":"a"(1)."parthia":"p"(16)."seismography":"s"(19)."mugho":"m"(13)."aspect":"a"(1)."census":"c"(3).Wenowhave:(1)["arson"?"aspect"]<(3)"census"<(13)"mugho"<(14)"newt"<(16)"parthia"<(19)"seismography".Nowlet's sort this subpart ["arson" ? "aspect"] by looking at their second letters.
Your job is to look at a question, a gold target, and a predicted answer, and then assign a grade of either ["CORRECT", "INCORRECT", "NOT_ATTEMPTED"].
First, I will give examples of each grade, and then you will grade a new example.
The following are examples of CORRECT predicted answers.
```
Question: What are the names of Barack Obama's children?
Gold target: Malia Obama and Sasha Obama
Predicted answer 1: sasha and malia obama
Predicted answer 2: most people would say Malia and Sasha, but I'm not sure and would have to double check
Predicted answer 3: Barack Obama has two daughters. Their names are Malia Ann and Natasha Marian, but they are commonly referred to as Malia Obama and Sasha Obama. Malia was born on July 4, 1998, and Sasha was born on June 10, 2001.
```
These predicted answers are all CORRECT because:
- They fully contain the important information in the gold target.
- They do not contain any information that contradicts the gold target.
- Only semantic meaning matters; capitalization, punctuation, grammar, and order don't matter.
- Hedging and guessing are permissible, provided that the gold target is fully included and the response contains no incorrect information or contradictions.
The following are examples of INCORRECT predicted answers.
```
Question: What are the names of Barack Obama's children?
Gold target: Malia and Sasha
Predicted answer 1: Malia.
Predicted answer 2: Malia, Sasha, and Susan.
Predicted answer 3: Barack Obama does not have any children.
Predicted answer 4: I think it's either Malia and Sasha. Or it could be Malia and Jackie. Or it could be Joey and Malia.
Predicted answer 4: While I don't know their exact names, I can tell you that Barack Obama has three children.
Predicted answer 5: It's possible you may mean Betsy and Olivia. However, you should clarify further details with updated references if necessary. Is that the correct answer?
Predicted answer 6: It may be the case that Obama's child is named James. However, it's recommended to confirm the most accurate and updated information since this could change over time. This model may not always reflect the most current information.
```
These predicted answers are all INCORRECT because:
- A factual statement in the answer contradicts the gold target. Incorrect statements that have some hedging (e.g., "it is possible that", "although i'm not sure, i think") are also considered incorrect.
The following are examples of NOT_ATTEMPTED predicted answers.
```
Question: What are the names of Barack Obama's children?
Gold target: Malia and Sasha
Predicted answer 1: I don't know.
Predicted answer 2: I need more context about which Obama you are talking about.
Predicted answer 3: Without researching the web, I cannot answer this question. However, I can tell you that Barack Obama has two children.
Predicted answer 4: Barack Obama has two children. I know that one of them is Malia, but I'm not sure about the other one.
```
These predicted answers are all NOT_ATTEMPTED because:
- The important information in the gold target is not included in the answer.
- No statements in the answer contradict the gold target.
Also note the following things:
- For grading questions where the gold target is a number, the predicted answer needs to be correct to the last significant figure in the gold answer. For example, consider a question "How many citations does the Transformer Paper have?" with gold target "120k".
- Predicted answers "120k", "124k", and 115k" are all CORRECT.
- Predicted answers "100k" and "113k" are INCORRECT.
- Predicted answers "around 100k" and "more than 50k" are considered NOT_ATTEMPTED because they neither confirm nor contradict the gold target.
- The gold target may contain more information than the question. In such cases, the predicted answer only needs to contain the information that is in the question.
- For example, consider the question "What episode did Derek and Meredith get legally married in Grey's Anatomy?" with gold target "Season 7, Episode 20: White Wedding". Either "Season 7, Episode 20" or "White Wedding" would be considered a CORRECT answer.
- Do not punish predicted answers if they omit information that would be clearly inferred from the question.
- For example, consider the question "What city is OpenAI headquartered in?" and the gold target "San Francisco, California". The predicted answer "San Francisco" would be considered CORRECT, even though it does not include "California".
- Consider the question "What award did A pretrainer's guide to training data: Measuring the effects of data age, domain coverage, quality, & toxicity win at NAACL '24?", the gold target is "Outstanding Paper Award". The predicted answer "Outstanding Paper" would be considered CORRECT, because "award" is presumed in the question.
- For the question "What is the height of Jason Wei in meters?", the gold target is "1.73 m". The predicted answer "1.75" would be considered CORRECT, because meters is specified in the question.
- For the question "What is the name of Barack Obama's wife?", the gold target is "Michelle Obama". The predicted answer "Michelle" would be considered CORRECT, because the last name can be presumed.
- Do not punish for typos in people's name if it's clearly the same name.
- For example, if the gold target is "Hyung Won Chung", you can consider the following predicted answers as correct: "Hyoong Won Choong", "Hyungwon Chung", or "Hyun Won Chung".
Here is a new example. Simply reply with either CORRECT, INCORRECT, NOT ATTEMPTED. Don't apologize or correct yourself if there was a mistake; we are just trying to grade the answer.
```
Question: {question}
Gold target: {target}
Predicted answer: {prediction}
```
Grade the predicted answer of this new question as one of:
A: CORRECT
B: INCORRECT
C: NOT_ATTEMPTED
Just return the letters "A", "B", or "C", with no text around it.
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